The article is devoted to the development of Ukrainian education in Poland after 1945, and especially to the history of the oldest and largest of them, the 4th High School in Legnica. After a brief description of the initial period (until 1956) of school policy towards Ukrainians displaced in 1947 as a result of the action of Wisła, the author focuses on Lower Silesia, and especially the Legnica school. In 1957, after the so-called thaw in October 1956, two schools with the Ukrainian language were established here: primary school in Jaroszówka and high school in Złotoryja, which in 1960 was transferred to nearby Legnica (in which it was originally supposed to be founded in 1957). They were subject to unfriendly educational and administrative local authorities and were under the control of the Security Service (SB). Sometimes, as in the 1960s, a real threat of liquidation hung over them. The authorities realized that schools with the Ukrainian language were not limited to education, they were also important centers for maintaining and developing the Ukrainian national consciousness and shaping the Ukrainian intelligentsia.
Political changes that took place in 1989 and subsequent education reforms brought the restrictions on Ukrainian language schools lifted. At the end of the last century, the Legnica high school was transformed into a School Complex, including middle school and high school. His students no longer come, as before, from various regions of Poland, but mainly from two Voivodeship, Lower Silesia and Lubusz. A big problem is also the demographic crisis for the school in Legnica, which caused that Polish students also study there. Nevertheless, the Legnica school remains a local center of Ukrainian culture.